Tuesday, July 31, 2007

Knox Once for Murder

Sharon Wildwind

Monsignor Ronald Knox (1888-1957) was British; as a Catholic priest, spiritual retreat leader, and writer he had a knack for expressing religious values with empathy, kindness, and humor. He had a particular interest in ritual and ceremony.

In addition to being a religious scholar, he also wrote mysteries, at a time when the puzzle mystery—long on complex, twisty plots and short on characterization—was all the rage in Britain. In 1928 he published his Decalogue of the Mystery: The ten rules of detective fiction.

1. Introduce the murderer early but the reader should not be allowed to know the murderers thoughts.

It’s not hard to imagine that this first rule was a direct result of reading Chrisie’s infamousThe Murder of Roger Ackroyd, which had been published just two years before. Today—with the multiplicity of narrators and styles in mysteries—it’s hard for us to imagine just how unfair many readers felt the Dame had been when she tricked her readers with the unreliable narrator, Dr. James Shepherd.

2. All super natural or preternatural agencies are to be ruled out.

Interest in spiritualism had a huge resurgence in Britain, and to a lesser extent, in the United States after the Great War. Popular fiction was awash with ghosts, seances, open tombs, and strange visions on mist-shrouded nights. I suspect that Knox, given his strong religious beliefs, found those conventions far most distasteful than the average reader did.

3. No accidents or unaccountable intuition.

I think he objected to this because it broke the rules of ritual. Detection must be carried out in an orderly fashion.

4. Only one secret passageway is allowed.

For me, this one conjures up a house like the one on the Clue board, awash with secret passages from the kitchen to the library, from the master bedroom to the secret garden gate, or from the attic to the cook’s bedroom. And all of the characters roaming around all night and not getting a whit sleep.

5. All clues must be shown at once.

He probably didn’t mean all the clues had to be out in the open by the end of page three, but rather that all clues did need to be out in the open sometime before the detective said, “And the killer is. . .”

6. Never make the detective the killer.

Not playing fair. Playing fields of Britain and all that. Very British.

7. No Chinamen.

Sorry, not at all politically correct, but that’s what he said. All too often people from exotic, distant locations were looked upon as good possibilities for killers. They were sinister, had access to exotic poisons (see rule #8 below), and were thought to be unencumbered by good British morals.

8. No undiscovered poisons.

9. No unprepared-for twins or doubles.

Darn. That eliminates the old family retainer, now half-blind and living in a grace-and-favor cottage on the grounds, who looks up at the heroine at precisely the right moment and says, “Why didn’t you know, missy, Lord Randall had an identical twin. His brother went off to Canada,* and we ain’t heard from him in years.”

*Why is it always Canada?

10. The stupid friend (of the detective) must never conceal any thoughts which pass through his mind, and his intelligence must be very slightly below that of the average reader.

Ah, this eliminates our beloved Dr. Watson saying, “What does it all mean, Holmes?” And Holmes—for me always Jeremy Brett, holding that long, aristocratic finger against his lips—replying, “It means, Watson, that treachery and deceit are afoot. We must go to the British museum immediately. There’s not a moment to lose.”

Can we update the decalogue? What are the things you’d like eliminated from the modern mystery? Here’s my pet peeve:

No intelligent, strong woman will be trapped alone with the killer because a) she didn’t bother to tell anyone she was going to the deserted mill alone and b) she forgot to charge her cell phone.

_____
Writing quote for the week:
There are three rules for writing the novel. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are.
~W. Somerset Maugham, English novelist

5 comments:

Anonymous said...

One of my pet peeves is a blow by blow account of how the killer is killing the killed. Graphic description. Ewwww.

Great post, Sharon, glad you and your computer are back up and running!

Elizabeth Zelvin said...

I have a personal pet peeve based on my expertise as a professional in the alcoholism field: when they get the drinking wrong, making an alcoholic protagonist's excessive drinking glamorous, untreatable, too easily arrested, or cute. Although I write traditional mystery with an amateur sleuth, I find myself impatient with the cozy that trivializes death, when the protagonist states that she (it's usually she, I'm afraid) "solves murders," gets unlimited information from a law enforcement buddy, and takes unrealistic risks, like moving in with a goodlooking career criminal.

Sandra Parshall said...

I am astonished that some otherwise excellent (and bestselling) mystery writers are STILL sticking in killers who are immediately identifiable because they have no other reason to be in the book. The nosy neighbor who's too "helpful", the overly friendly UPS guy, the annoying boyfriend. They play no real part in the plot, so anyone who's read more than a couple of mysteries will conclude that they're the killers and will be revealed at the end to have some deep, dark secret. I have recently read a couple of otherwise excellent crime novels that shared this failing.

Rev. Dr. Anthony Burton said...

How about an otherwise intelligent protag who has purchased a handgun in the past, but has neglected to learn how to fire it, load it, check the safety or otherwise use it in the way it was intended?

(One A-list author has a protag who is that way with her gun, and it always makes me want to just drop the book.)

Anonymous said...

Man, I agree with all of these.